CVE-2024-57884 (GCVE-0-2024-57884)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-15 13:05 – Updated: 2025-11-03 20:54
VLAI?
Title
mm: vmscan: account for free pages to prevent infinite Loop in throttle_direct_reclaim()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm: vmscan: account for free pages to prevent infinite Loop in throttle_direct_reclaim() The task sometimes continues looping in throttle_direct_reclaim() because allow_direct_reclaim(pgdat) keeps returning false. #0 [ffff80002cb6f8d0] __switch_to at ffff8000080095ac #1 [ffff80002cb6f900] __schedule at ffff800008abbd1c #2 [ffff80002cb6f990] schedule at ffff800008abc50c #3 [ffff80002cb6f9b0] throttle_direct_reclaim at ffff800008273550 #4 [ffff80002cb6fa20] try_to_free_pages at ffff800008277b68 #5 [ffff80002cb6fae0] __alloc_pages_nodemask at ffff8000082c4660 #6 [ffff80002cb6fc50] alloc_pages_vma at ffff8000082e4a98 #7 [ffff80002cb6fca0] do_anonymous_page at ffff80000829f5a8 #8 [ffff80002cb6fce0] __handle_mm_fault at ffff8000082a5974 #9 [ffff80002cb6fd90] handle_mm_fault at ffff8000082a5bd4 At this point, the pgdat contains the following two zones: NODE: 4 ZONE: 0 ADDR: ffff00817fffe540 NAME: "DMA32" SIZE: 20480 MIN/LOW/HIGH: 11/28/45 VM_STAT: NR_FREE_PAGES: 359 NR_ZONE_INACTIVE_ANON: 18813 NR_ZONE_ACTIVE_ANON: 0 NR_ZONE_INACTIVE_FILE: 50 NR_ZONE_ACTIVE_FILE: 0 NR_ZONE_UNEVICTABLE: 0 NR_ZONE_WRITE_PENDING: 0 NR_MLOCK: 0 NR_BOUNCE: 0 NR_ZSPAGES: 0 NR_FREE_CMA_PAGES: 0 NODE: 4 ZONE: 1 ADDR: ffff00817fffec00 NAME: "Normal" SIZE: 8454144 PRESENT: 98304 MIN/LOW/HIGH: 68/166/264 VM_STAT: NR_FREE_PAGES: 146 NR_ZONE_INACTIVE_ANON: 94668 NR_ZONE_ACTIVE_ANON: 3 NR_ZONE_INACTIVE_FILE: 735 NR_ZONE_ACTIVE_FILE: 78 NR_ZONE_UNEVICTABLE: 0 NR_ZONE_WRITE_PENDING: 0 NR_MLOCK: 0 NR_BOUNCE: 0 NR_ZSPAGES: 0 NR_FREE_CMA_PAGES: 0 In allow_direct_reclaim(), while processing ZONE_DMA32, the sum of inactive/active file-backed pages calculated in zone_reclaimable_pages() based on the result of zone_page_state_snapshot() is zero. Additionally, since this system lacks swap, the calculation of inactive/ active anonymous pages is skipped. crash> p nr_swap_pages nr_swap_pages = $1937 = { counter = 0 } As a result, ZONE_DMA32 is deemed unreclaimable and skipped, moving on to the processing of the next zone, ZONE_NORMAL, despite ZONE_DMA32 having free pages significantly exceeding the high watermark. The problem is that the pgdat->kswapd_failures hasn't been incremented. crash> px ((struct pglist_data *) 0xffff00817fffe540)->kswapd_failures $1935 = 0x0 This is because the node deemed balanced. The node balancing logic in balance_pgdat() evaluates all zones collectively. If one or more zones (e.g., ZONE_DMA32) have enough free pages to meet their watermarks, the entire node is deemed balanced. This causes balance_pgdat() to exit early before incrementing the kswapd_failures, as it considers the overall memory state acceptable, even though some zones (like ZONE_NORMAL) remain under significant pressure. The patch ensures that zone_reclaimable_pages() includes free pages (NR_FREE_PAGES) in its calculation when no other reclaimable pages are available (e.g., file-backed or anonymous pages). This change prevents zones like ZONE_DMA32, which have sufficient free pages, from being mistakenly deemed unreclaimable. By doing so, the patch ensures proper node balancing, avoids masking pressure on other zones like ZONE_NORMAL, and prevents infinite loops in throttle_direct_reclaim() caused by allow_direct_reclaim(pgdat) repeatedly returning false. The kernel hangs due to a task stuck in throttle_direct_reclaim(), caused by a node being incorrectly deemed balanced despite pressure in certain zones, such as ZONE_NORMAL. This issue arises from zone_reclaimable_pages ---truncated---
Severity ?
No CVSS data available.
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Affected: 5a1c84b404a7176b8b36e2a0041b6f0adb3151a3 , < 66cd37660ec34ec444fe42f2277330ae4a36bb19 (git)
Affected: 5a1c84b404a7176b8b36e2a0041b6f0adb3151a3 , < d675fefbaec3815b3ae0af1bebd97f27df3a05c8 (git)
Affected: 5a1c84b404a7176b8b36e2a0041b6f0adb3151a3 , < 63eac98d6f0898229f515cb62fe4e4db2430e99c (git)
Affected: 5a1c84b404a7176b8b36e2a0041b6f0adb3151a3 , < bfb701192129803191c9cd6cdd1f82cd07f8de2c (git)
Affected: 5a1c84b404a7176b8b36e2a0041b6f0adb3151a3 , < 1ff2302e8aeac7f2eedb551d7a89617283b5c6b2 (git)
Affected: 5a1c84b404a7176b8b36e2a0041b6f0adb3151a3 , < 58d0d02dbc67438fc80223fdd7bbc49cf0733284 (git)
Affected: 5a1c84b404a7176b8b36e2a0041b6f0adb3151a3 , < 6aaced5abd32e2a57cd94fd64f824514d0361da8 (git)
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    Linux Linux Affected: 4.8
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.8 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.4.289 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.233 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.176 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.124 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.70 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.9 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.13 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nmm: vmscan: account for free pages to prevent infinite Loop in throttle_direct_reclaim()\n\nThe task sometimes continues looping in throttle_direct_reclaim() because\nallow_direct_reclaim(pgdat) keeps returning false.  \n\n #0 [ffff80002cb6f8d0] __switch_to at ffff8000080095ac\n #1 [ffff80002cb6f900] __schedule at ffff800008abbd1c\n #2 [ffff80002cb6f990] schedule at ffff800008abc50c\n #3 [ffff80002cb6f9b0] throttle_direct_reclaim at ffff800008273550\n #4 [ffff80002cb6fa20] try_to_free_pages at ffff800008277b68\n #5 [ffff80002cb6fae0] __alloc_pages_nodemask at ffff8000082c4660\n #6 [ffff80002cb6fc50] alloc_pages_vma at ffff8000082e4a98\n #7 [ffff80002cb6fca0] do_anonymous_page at ffff80000829f5a8\n #8 [ffff80002cb6fce0] __handle_mm_fault at ffff8000082a5974\n #9 [ffff80002cb6fd90] handle_mm_fault at ffff8000082a5bd4\n\nAt this point, the pgdat contains the following two zones:\n\n        NODE: 4  ZONE: 0  ADDR: ffff00817fffe540  NAME: \"DMA32\"\n          SIZE: 20480  MIN/LOW/HIGH: 11/28/45\n          VM_STAT:\n                NR_FREE_PAGES: 359\n        NR_ZONE_INACTIVE_ANON: 18813\n          NR_ZONE_ACTIVE_ANON: 0\n        NR_ZONE_INACTIVE_FILE: 50\n          NR_ZONE_ACTIVE_FILE: 0\n          NR_ZONE_UNEVICTABLE: 0\n        NR_ZONE_WRITE_PENDING: 0\n                     NR_MLOCK: 0\n                    NR_BOUNCE: 0\n                   NR_ZSPAGES: 0\n            NR_FREE_CMA_PAGES: 0\n\n        NODE: 4  ZONE: 1  ADDR: ffff00817fffec00  NAME: \"Normal\"\n          SIZE: 8454144  PRESENT: 98304  MIN/LOW/HIGH: 68/166/264\n          VM_STAT:\n                NR_FREE_PAGES: 146\n        NR_ZONE_INACTIVE_ANON: 94668\n          NR_ZONE_ACTIVE_ANON: 3\n        NR_ZONE_INACTIVE_FILE: 735\n          NR_ZONE_ACTIVE_FILE: 78\n          NR_ZONE_UNEVICTABLE: 0\n        NR_ZONE_WRITE_PENDING: 0\n                     NR_MLOCK: 0\n                    NR_BOUNCE: 0\n                   NR_ZSPAGES: 0\n            NR_FREE_CMA_PAGES: 0\n\nIn allow_direct_reclaim(), while processing ZONE_DMA32, the sum of\ninactive/active file-backed pages calculated in zone_reclaimable_pages()\nbased on the result of zone_page_state_snapshot() is zero.  \n\nAdditionally, since this system lacks swap, the calculation of inactive/\nactive anonymous pages is skipped.\n\n        crash\u003e p nr_swap_pages\n        nr_swap_pages = $1937 = {\n          counter = 0\n        }\n\nAs a result, ZONE_DMA32 is deemed unreclaimable and skipped, moving on to\nthe processing of the next zone, ZONE_NORMAL, despite ZONE_DMA32 having\nfree pages significantly exceeding the high watermark.\n\nThe problem is that the pgdat-\u003ekswapd_failures hasn\u0027t been incremented.\n\n        crash\u003e px ((struct pglist_data *) 0xffff00817fffe540)-\u003ekswapd_failures\n        $1935 = 0x0\n\nThis is because the node deemed balanced.  The node balancing logic in\nbalance_pgdat() evaluates all zones collectively.  If one or more zones\n(e.g., ZONE_DMA32) have enough free pages to meet their watermarks, the\nentire node is deemed balanced.  This causes balance_pgdat() to exit early\nbefore incrementing the kswapd_failures, as it considers the overall\nmemory state acceptable, even though some zones (like ZONE_NORMAL) remain\nunder significant pressure.\n\n\nThe patch ensures that zone_reclaimable_pages() includes free pages\n(NR_FREE_PAGES) in its calculation when no other reclaimable pages are\navailable (e.g., file-backed or anonymous pages).  This change prevents\nzones like ZONE_DMA32, which have sufficient free pages, from being\nmistakenly deemed unreclaimable.  By doing so, the patch ensures proper\nnode balancing, avoids masking pressure on other zones like ZONE_NORMAL,\nand prevents infinite loops in throttle_direct_reclaim() caused by\nallow_direct_reclaim(pgdat) repeatedly returning false.\n\n\nThe kernel hangs due to a task stuck in throttle_direct_reclaim(), caused\nby a node being incorrectly deemed balanced despite pressure in certain\nzones, such as ZONE_NORMAL.  This issue arises from\nzone_reclaimable_pages\n---truncated---"
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        "dateUpdated": "2025-05-04T10:05:50.618Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/66cd37660ec34ec444fe42f2277330ae4a36bb19"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d675fefbaec3815b3ae0af1bebd97f27df3a05c8"
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/63eac98d6f0898229f515cb62fe4e4db2430e99c"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bfb701192129803191c9cd6cdd1f82cd07f8de2c"
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6aaced5abd32e2a57cd94fd64f824514d0361da8"
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      "title": "mm: vmscan: account for free pages to prevent infinite Loop in throttle_direct_reclaim()",
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2024-57884",
    "datePublished": "2025-01-15T13:05:37.152Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-01-11T14:45:42.024Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T20:54:54.121Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}


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  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
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  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



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