CVE-2025-22022 (GCVE-0-2025-22022)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-16 10:23 – Updated: 2026-01-19 12:17
VLAI?
Title
usb: xhci: Apply the link chain quirk on NEC isoc endpoints
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: usb: xhci: Apply the link chain quirk on NEC isoc endpoints Two clearly different specimens of NEC uPD720200 (one with start/stop bug, one without) were seen to cause IOMMU faults after some Missed Service Errors. Faulting address is immediately after a transfer ring segment and patched dynamic debug messages revealed that the MSE was received when waiting for a TD near the end of that segment: [ 1.041954] xhci_hcd: Miss service interval error for slot 1 ep 2 expected TD DMA ffa08fe0 [ 1.042120] xhci_hcd: AMD-Vi: Event logged [IO_PAGE_FAULT domain=0x0005 address=0xffa09000 flags=0x0000] [ 1.042146] xhci_hcd: AMD-Vi: Event logged [IO_PAGE_FAULT domain=0x0005 address=0xffa09040 flags=0x0000] It gets even funnier if the next page is a ring segment accessible to the HC. Below, it reports MSE in segment at ff1e8000, plows through a zero-filled page at ff1e9000 and starts reporting events for TRBs in page at ff1ea000 every microframe, instead of jumping to seg ff1e6000. [ 7.041671] xhci_hcd: Miss service interval error for slot 1 ep 2 expected TD DMA ff1e8fe0 [ 7.041999] xhci_hcd: Miss service interval error for slot 1 ep 2 expected TD DMA ff1e8fe0 [ 7.042011] xhci_hcd: WARN: buffer overrun event for slot 1 ep 2 on endpoint [ 7.042028] xhci_hcd: All TDs skipped for slot 1 ep 2. Clear skip flag. [ 7.042134] xhci_hcd: WARN: buffer overrun event for slot 1 ep 2 on endpoint [ 7.042138] xhci_hcd: ERROR Transfer event TRB DMA ptr not part of current TD ep_index 2 comp_code 31 [ 7.042144] xhci_hcd: Looking for event-dma 00000000ff1ea040 trb-start 00000000ff1e6820 trb-end 00000000ff1e6820 [ 7.042259] xhci_hcd: WARN: buffer overrun event for slot 1 ep 2 on endpoint [ 7.042262] xhci_hcd: ERROR Transfer event TRB DMA ptr not part of current TD ep_index 2 comp_code 31 [ 7.042266] xhci_hcd: Looking for event-dma 00000000ff1ea050 trb-start 00000000ff1e6820 trb-end 00000000ff1e6820 At some point completion events change from Isoch Buffer Overrun to Short Packet and the HC finally finds cycle bit mismatch in ff1ec000. [ 7.098130] xhci_hcd: ERROR Transfer event TRB DMA ptr not part of current TD ep_index 2 comp_code 13 [ 7.098132] xhci_hcd: Looking for event-dma 00000000ff1ecc50 trb-start 00000000ff1e6820 trb-end 00000000ff1e6820 [ 7.098254] xhci_hcd: ERROR Transfer event TRB DMA ptr not part of current TD ep_index 2 comp_code 13 [ 7.098256] xhci_hcd: Looking for event-dma 00000000ff1ecc60 trb-start 00000000ff1e6820 trb-end 00000000ff1e6820 [ 7.098379] xhci_hcd: Overrun event on slot 1 ep 2 It's possible that data from the isochronous device were written to random buffers of pending TDs on other endpoints (either IN or OUT), other devices or even other HCs in the same IOMMU domain. Lastly, an error from a different USB device on another HC. Was it caused by the above? I don't know, but it may have been. The disk was working without any other issues and generated PCIe traffic to starve the NEC of upstream BW and trigger those MSEs. The two HCs shared one x1 slot by means of a commercial "PCIe splitter" board. [ 7.162604] usb 10-2: reset SuperSpeed USB device number 3 using xhci_hcd [ 7.178990] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x07 driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s [ 7.179001] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 CDB: opcode=0x28 28 00 04 02 ae 00 00 02 00 00 [ 7.179004] I/O error, dev sdb, sector 67284480 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 5 prio class 0 Fortunately, it appears that this ridiculous bug is avoided by setting the chain bit of Link TRBs on isochronous rings. Other ancient HCs are known which also expect the bit to be set and they ignore Link TRBs if it's not. Reportedly, 0.95 spec guaranteed that the bit is set. The bandwidth-starved NEC HC running a 32KB/uframe UVC endpoint reports tens of MSEs per second and runs into the bug within seconds. Chaining Link TRBs allows the same workload to run for many minutes, many times. No ne ---truncated---
Severity ?
No CVSS data available.
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Affected: 7e393a834b41001174a8fb3ae3bc23a749467760 , < abf2df229b6a9172cc1827749c1a446d28e00a2e (git)
Affected: 7e393a834b41001174a8fb3ae3bc23a749467760 , < 8b586de6f03c850ff48d42e539b4708d1f3f8f1a (git)
Affected: 7e393a834b41001174a8fb3ae3bc23a749467760 , < 1143f790a6316201dc8f067eba4c94ea97ecb6ca (git)
Affected: 7e393a834b41001174a8fb3ae3bc23a749467760 , < dbf427663ce272070d3004b5fca63a4a537d781c (git)
Affected: 7e393a834b41001174a8fb3ae3bc23a749467760 , < a4931d9fb99eb5462f3eaa231999d279c40afb21 (git)
Affected: 7e393a834b41001174a8fb3ae3bc23a749467760 , < 43a18225150ce874d23b37761c302a5dffee1595 (git)
Affected: 7e393a834b41001174a8fb3ae3bc23a749467760 , < 061a1683bae6ef56ab8fa392725ba7495515cd1d (git)
Affected: 7e393a834b41001174a8fb3ae3bc23a749467760 , < bb0ba4cb1065e87f9cc75db1fa454e56d0894d01 (git)
Affected: 5c7a6982e976b381595c9d4ee8e8c94564a40aec (git)
Affected: f12ea4a8ca7009fa2d54794c3fcb8e638453bcff (git)
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    Linux Linux Affected: 3.2
Unaffected: 0 , < 3.2 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.248 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.198 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.160 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.120 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.22 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.13.10 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.14.1 , ≤ 6.14.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.15 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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{
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          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/usb/host/xhci.h"
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nusb: xhci: Apply the link chain quirk on NEC isoc endpoints\n\nTwo clearly different specimens of NEC uPD720200 (one with start/stop\nbug, one without) were seen to cause IOMMU faults after some Missed\nService Errors. Faulting address is immediately after a transfer ring\nsegment and patched dynamic debug messages revealed that the MSE was\nreceived when waiting for a TD near the end of that segment:\n\n[ 1.041954] xhci_hcd: Miss service interval error for slot 1 ep 2 expected TD DMA ffa08fe0\n[ 1.042120] xhci_hcd: AMD-Vi: Event logged [IO_PAGE_FAULT domain=0x0005 address=0xffa09000 flags=0x0000]\n[ 1.042146] xhci_hcd: AMD-Vi: Event logged [IO_PAGE_FAULT domain=0x0005 address=0xffa09040 flags=0x0000]\n\nIt gets even funnier if the next page is a ring segment accessible to\nthe HC. Below, it reports MSE in segment at ff1e8000, plows through a\nzero-filled page at ff1e9000 and starts reporting events for TRBs in\npage at ff1ea000 every microframe, instead of jumping to seg ff1e6000.\n\n[ 7.041671] xhci_hcd: Miss service interval error for slot 1 ep 2 expected TD DMA ff1e8fe0\n[ 7.041999] xhci_hcd: Miss service interval error for slot 1 ep 2 expected TD DMA ff1e8fe0\n[ 7.042011] xhci_hcd: WARN: buffer overrun event for slot 1 ep 2 on endpoint\n[ 7.042028] xhci_hcd: All TDs skipped for slot 1 ep 2. Clear skip flag.\n[ 7.042134] xhci_hcd: WARN: buffer overrun event for slot 1 ep 2 on endpoint\n[ 7.042138] xhci_hcd: ERROR Transfer event TRB DMA ptr not part of current TD ep_index 2 comp_code 31\n[ 7.042144] xhci_hcd: Looking for event-dma 00000000ff1ea040 trb-start 00000000ff1e6820 trb-end 00000000ff1e6820\n[ 7.042259] xhci_hcd: WARN: buffer overrun event for slot 1 ep 2 on endpoint\n[ 7.042262] xhci_hcd: ERROR Transfer event TRB DMA ptr not part of current TD ep_index 2 comp_code 31\n[ 7.042266] xhci_hcd: Looking for event-dma 00000000ff1ea050 trb-start 00000000ff1e6820 trb-end 00000000ff1e6820\n\nAt some point completion events change from Isoch Buffer Overrun to\nShort Packet and the HC finally finds cycle bit mismatch in ff1ec000.\n\n[ 7.098130] xhci_hcd: ERROR Transfer event TRB DMA ptr not part of current TD ep_index 2 comp_code 13\n[ 7.098132] xhci_hcd: Looking for event-dma 00000000ff1ecc50 trb-start 00000000ff1e6820 trb-end 00000000ff1e6820\n[ 7.098254] xhci_hcd: ERROR Transfer event TRB DMA ptr not part of current TD ep_index 2 comp_code 13\n[ 7.098256] xhci_hcd: Looking for event-dma 00000000ff1ecc60 trb-start 00000000ff1e6820 trb-end 00000000ff1e6820\n[ 7.098379] xhci_hcd: Overrun event on slot 1 ep 2\n\nIt\u0027s possible that data from the isochronous device were written to\nrandom buffers of pending TDs on other endpoints (either IN or OUT),\nother devices or even other HCs in the same IOMMU domain.\n\nLastly, an error from a different USB device on another HC. Was it\ncaused by the above? I don\u0027t know, but it may have been. The disk\nwas working without any other issues and generated PCIe traffic to\nstarve the NEC of upstream BW and trigger those MSEs. The two HCs\nshared one x1 slot by means of a commercial \"PCIe splitter\" board.\n\n[ 7.162604] usb 10-2: reset SuperSpeed USB device number 3 using xhci_hcd\n[ 7.178990] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 UNKNOWN(0x2003) Result: hostbyte=0x07 driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s\n[ 7.179001] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdb] tag#0 CDB: opcode=0x28 28 00 04 02 ae 00 00 02 00 00\n[ 7.179004] I/O error, dev sdb, sector 67284480 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x80700 phys_seg 5 prio class 0\n\nFortunately, it appears that this ridiculous bug is avoided by setting\nthe chain bit of Link TRBs on isochronous rings. Other ancient HCs are\nknown which also expect the bit to be set and they ignore Link TRBs if\nit\u0027s not. Reportedly, 0.95 spec guaranteed that the bit is set.\n\nThe bandwidth-starved NEC HC running a 32KB/uframe UVC endpoint reports\ntens of MSEs per second and runs into the bug within seconds. Chaining\nLink TRBs allows the same workload to run for many minutes, many times.\n\nNo ne\n---truncated---"
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-01-19T12:17:53.138Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/abf2df229b6a9172cc1827749c1a446d28e00a2e"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8b586de6f03c850ff48d42e539b4708d1f3f8f1a"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1143f790a6316201dc8f067eba4c94ea97ecb6ca"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dbf427663ce272070d3004b5fca63a4a537d781c"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a4931d9fb99eb5462f3eaa231999d279c40afb21"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/43a18225150ce874d23b37761c302a5dffee1595"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/061a1683bae6ef56ab8fa392725ba7495515cd1d"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bb0ba4cb1065e87f9cc75db1fa454e56d0894d01"
        }
      ],
      "title": "usb: xhci: Apply the link chain quirk on NEC isoc endpoints",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-22022",
    "datePublished": "2025-04-16T10:23:27.423Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-12-29T08:45:45.807Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-01-19T12:17:53.138Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}


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  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
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  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



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