CVE-2025-2559 (GCVE-0-2025-2559)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-25 08:20 – Updated: 2026-01-29 19:26
VLAI?
Title
Org.keycloak/keycloak-services: jwt token cache exhaustion leading to denial of service (dos) in keycloak
Summary
A flaw was found in Keycloak. When the configuration uses JWT tokens for authentication, the tokens are cached until expiration. If a client uses JWT tokens with an excessively long expiration time, for example, 24 or 48 hours, the cache can grow indefinitely, leading to an OutOfMemoryError. This issue could result in a denial of service condition, preventing legitimate users from accessing the system.
Severity ?
4.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:4335 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:4336 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-2559 vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2353868 issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Affected: 23.0.0 , < 26.0.11 (semver)
Affected: 26.1.0 , < 26.1.5 (semver)
    Red Hat Red Hat Build of Keycloak     cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26
 Create a notification for this product.
    Red Hat Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0 Unaffected: 26.0.11-2 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.0::el9
 Create a notification for this product.
    Red Hat Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0 Unaffected: 26.0-12 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.0::el9
 Create a notification for this product.
    Red Hat Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0 Unaffected: 26.0-13 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.0::el9
 Create a notification for this product.
    Red Hat Red Hat Single Sign-On 7     cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7
 Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-2559",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-03-31T16:31:49.361189Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-03-31T16:31:59.498Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "keycloak",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "26.0.11",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "23.0.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "26.1.5",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "26.1.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "keycloak-services",
          "product": "Red Hat Build of Keycloak",
          "vendor": "Red Hat"
        },
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://catalog.redhat.com/software/containers/",
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.0::el9"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "packageName": "rhbk/keycloak-operator-bundle",
          "product": "Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0",
          "vendor": "Red Hat",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "26.0.11-2",
              "versionType": "rpm"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://catalog.redhat.com/software/containers/",
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.0::el9"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "packageName": "rhbk/keycloak-rhel9",
          "product": "Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0",
          "vendor": "Red Hat",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "26.0-12",
              "versionType": "rpm"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://catalog.redhat.com/software/containers/",
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.0::el9"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "packageName": "rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator",
          "product": "Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0",
          "vendor": "Red Hat",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "26.0-13",
              "versionType": "rpm"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "packageName": "keycloak-services",
          "product": "Red Hat Single Sign-On 7",
          "vendor": "Red Hat"
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2025-03-20T00:00:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A flaw was found in Keycloak. When the configuration uses JWT tokens for authentication, the tokens are cached until expiration. If a client uses JWT tokens with an excessively long expiration time, for example, 24 or 48 hours, the cache can grow indefinitely, leading to an OutOfMemoryError. This issue could result in a denial of service condition, preventing legitimate users from accessing the system."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "other": {
            "content": {
              "namespace": "https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/",
              "value": "Moderate"
            },
            "type": "Red Hat severity rating"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 4.9,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS"
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-770",
              "description": "Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-01-29T19:26:18.920Z",
        "orgId": "53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749",
        "shortName": "redhat"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "RHSA-2025:4335",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "x_refsource_REDHAT"
          ],
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:4335"
        },
        {
          "name": "RHSA-2025:4336",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory",
            "x_refsource_REDHAT"
          ],
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:4336"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "vdb-entry",
            "x_refsource_REDHAT"
          ],
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-2559"
        },
        {
          "name": "RHBZ#2353868",
          "tags": [
            "issue-tracking",
            "x_refsource_REDHAT"
          ],
          "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2353868"
        }
      ],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2025-03-20T11:46:08.046000+00:00",
          "value": "Reported to Red Hat."
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2025-03-20T00:00:00+00:00",
          "value": "Made public."
        }
      ],
      "title": "Org.keycloak/keycloak-services: jwt token cache exhaustion leading to denial of service (dos) in keycloak",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"
      },
      "x_redhatCweChain": "CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749",
    "assignerShortName": "redhat",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-2559",
    "datePublished": "2025-03-25T08:20:57.666Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-03-20T12:22:59.504Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-01-29T19:26:18.920Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2025-2559\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2025-03-31T16:31:49.361189Z\"}}}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-03-31T16:31:55.723Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"Org.keycloak/keycloak-services: jwt token cache exhaustion leading to denial of service (dos) in keycloak\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"Red Hat severity rating\", \"content\": {\"value\": \"Moderate\", \"namespace\": \"https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/\"}}}, {\"format\": \"CVSS\", \"cvssV3_1\": {\"scope\": \"UNCHANGED\", \"version\": \"3.1\", \"baseScore\": 4.9, \"attackVector\": \"NETWORK\", \"baseSeverity\": \"MEDIUM\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\", \"integrityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"userInteraction\": \"NONE\", \"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"availabilityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"HIGH\", \"confidentialityImpact\": \"NONE\"}}], \"affected\": [{\"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"23.0.0\", \"lessThan\": \"26.0.11\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"26.1.0\", \"lessThan\": \"26.1.5\", \"versionType\": \"semver\"}], \"packageName\": \"keycloak\", \"collectionURL\": \"https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/\", \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"cpes\": [\"cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26\"], \"vendor\": \"Red Hat\", \"product\": \"Red Hat Build of Keycloak\", \"packageName\": \"keycloak-services\", \"collectionURL\": \"https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/\", \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"cpes\": [\"cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.0::el9\"], \"vendor\": \"Red Hat\", \"product\": \"Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"26.0.11-2\", \"lessThan\": \"*\", \"versionType\": \"rpm\"}], \"packageName\": \"rhbk/keycloak-operator-bundle\", \"collectionURL\": \"https://catalog.redhat.com/software/containers/\", \"defaultStatus\": \"affected\"}, {\"cpes\": [\"cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.0::el9\"], \"vendor\": \"Red Hat\", \"product\": \"Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"26.0-12\", \"lessThan\": \"*\", \"versionType\": \"rpm\"}], \"packageName\": \"rhbk/keycloak-rhel9\", \"collectionURL\": \"https://catalog.redhat.com/software/containers/\", \"defaultStatus\": \"affected\"}, {\"cpes\": [\"cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:26.0::el9\"], \"vendor\": \"Red Hat\", \"product\": \"Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"unaffected\", \"version\": \"26.0-13\", \"lessThan\": \"*\", \"versionType\": \"rpm\"}], \"packageName\": \"rhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator\", \"collectionURL\": \"https://catalog.redhat.com/software/containers/\", \"defaultStatus\": \"affected\"}, {\"cpes\": [\"cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7\"], \"vendor\": \"Red Hat\", \"product\": \"Red Hat Single Sign-On 7\", \"packageName\": \"keycloak-services\", \"collectionURL\": \"https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/\", \"defaultStatus\": \"affected\"}], \"timeline\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"time\": \"2025-03-20T11:46:08.046000+00:00\", \"value\": \"Reported to Red Hat.\"}, {\"lang\": \"en\", \"time\": \"2025-03-20T00:00:00+00:00\", \"value\": \"Made public.\"}], \"datePublic\": \"2025-03-20T00:00:00.000Z\", \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:4335\", \"name\": \"RHSA-2025:4335\", \"tags\": [\"vendor-advisory\", \"x_refsource_REDHAT\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:4336\", \"name\": \"RHSA-2025:4336\", \"tags\": [\"vendor-advisory\", \"x_refsource_REDHAT\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-2559\", \"tags\": [\"vdb-entry\", \"x_refsource_REDHAT\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2353868\", \"name\": \"RHBZ#2353868\", \"tags\": [\"issue-tracking\", \"x_refsource_REDHAT\"]}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"cvelib 1.8.0\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"A flaw was found in Keycloak. When the configuration uses JWT tokens for authentication, the tokens are cached until expiration. If a client uses JWT tokens with an excessively long expiration time, for example, 24 or 48 hours, the cache can grow indefinitely, leading to an OutOfMemoryError. This issue could result in a denial of service condition, preventing legitimate users from accessing the system.\"}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-770\", \"description\": \"Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749\", \"shortName\": \"redhat\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-01-29T19:26:18.920Z\"}, \"x_redhatCweChain\": \"CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling\"}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-2559\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-01-29T19:26:18.920Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-03-20T12:22:59.504Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-03-25T08:20:57.666Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"redhat\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}


Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Sightings

Author Source Type Date

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.