CVE-2025-31161 (GCVE-0-2025-31161)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-03 00:00 – Updated: 2025-10-21 22:55
VLAI?
Summary
CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.4 and 11 before 11.3.1 allows authentication bypass and takeover of the crushadmin account (unless a DMZ proxy instance is used), as exploited in the wild in March and April 2025, aka "Unauthenticated HTTP(S) port access." A race condition exists in the AWS4-HMAC (compatible with S3) authorization method of the HTTP component of the FTP server. The server first verifies the existence of the user by performing a call to login_user_pass() with no password requirement. This will authenticate the session through the HMAC verification process and up until the server checks for user verification once more. The vulnerability can be further stabilized, eliminating the need for successfully triggering a race condition, by sending a mangled AWS4-HMAC header. By providing only the username and a following slash (/), the server will successfully find a username, which triggers the successful anypass authentication process, but the server will fail to find the expected SignedHeaders entry, resulting in an index-out-of-bounds error that stops the code from reaching the session cleanup. Together, these issues make it trivial to authenticate as any known or guessable user (e.g., crushadmin), and can lead to a full compromise of the system by obtaining an administrative account.
Severity ?
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CWE
  • CWE-305 - Authentication Bypass by Primary Weakness
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
CrushFTP CrushFTP Affected: 10 , < 10.8.4 (custom)
Affected: 11 , < 11.3.1 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Kristian Varnai, Outpost24 Marcus White, Outpost24
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-04-21T15:11:23.679Z",
          "orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
          "shortName": "CVE"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "url": "https://projectdiscovery.io/blog/crushftp-authentication-bypass"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.darkreading.com/vulnerabilities-threats/disclosure-drama-clouds-crushftp-vulnerability-exploitation"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.huntress.com/blog/crushftp-cve-2025-31161-auth-bypass-and-post-exploitation"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://attackerkb.com/topics/k0EgiL9Psz/cve-2025-2825/rapid7-analysis"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/crushftp-flaw-exploited-disclosure/"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-31161-detect-crushftp-vulnerability"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-31161-mitigate-crushftp-vulnerability"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CVE Program Container",
        "x_generator": {
          "engine": "ADPogram 0.0.1"
        }
      },
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-31161",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "active"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "yes"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-08-15T19:11:52.009095Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          },
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "dateAdded": "2025-04-07",
                "reference": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-31161"
              },
              "type": "kev"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-10-21T22:55:22.326Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "government-resource"
            ],
            "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-31161"
          }
        ],
        "timeline": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "time": "2025-04-07T00:00:00+00:00",
            "value": "CVE-2025-31161 added to CISA KEV"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "CrushFTP",
          "vendor": "CrushFTP",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "10.8.4",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "10",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "11.3.1",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "11",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:crushftp:crushftp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "10.8.4",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "10",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:crushftp:crushftp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "11.3.1",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "11",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Kristian Varnai, Outpost24"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Marcus White, Outpost24"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.4 and 11 before 11.3.1 allows authentication bypass and takeover of the crushadmin account (unless a DMZ proxy instance is used), as exploited in the wild in March and April 2025, aka \"Unauthenticated HTTP(S) port access.\" A race condition exists in the AWS4-HMAC (compatible with S3) authorization method of the HTTP component of the FTP server. The server first verifies the existence of the user by performing a call to login_user_pass() with no password requirement. This will authenticate the session through the HMAC verification process and up until the server checks for user verification once more. The vulnerability can be further stabilized, eliminating the need for successfully triggering a race condition, by sending a mangled AWS4-HMAC header. By providing only the username and a following slash (/), the server will successfully find a username, which triggers the successful anypass authentication process, but the server will fail to find the expected SignedHeaders entry, resulting in an index-out-of-bounds error that stops the code from reaching the session cleanup. Together, these issues make it trivial to authenticate as any known or guessable user (e.g., crushadmin), and can lead to a full compromise of the system by obtaining an administrative account."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 9.8,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-305",
              "description": "CWE-305 Authentication Bypass by Primary Weakness",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-04-04T21:20:48.434Z",
        "orgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
        "shortName": "mitre"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://outpost24.com/blog/crushftp-auth-bypass-vulnerability/"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://crushftp.com/crush11wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Update#section-Update-VulnerabilityInfo"
        }
      ],
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "enrichogram 0.0.1"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca",
    "assignerShortName": "mitre",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-31161",
    "datePublished": "2025-04-03T00:00:00.000Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-03-27T00:00:00.000Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-10-21T22:55:22.326Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "cisa_known_exploited": {
      "cveID": "CVE-2025-31161",
      "cwes": "[\"CWE-305\"]",
      "dateAdded": "2025-04-07",
      "dueDate": "2025-04-28",
      "knownRansomwareCampaignUse": "Known",
      "notes": "https://www.crushftp.com/crush11wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Update ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31161",
      "product": "CrushFTP",
      "requiredAction": "Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.",
      "shortDescription": "CrushFTP contains an authentication bypass vulnerability in the HTTP authorization header that allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to authenticate to any known or guessable user account (e.g., crushadmin), potentially leading to a full compromise. ",
      "vendorProject": "CrushFTP",
      "vulnerabilityName": "CrushFTP Authentication Bypass Vulnerability"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CVE Program Container\", \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://projectdiscovery.io/blog/crushftp-authentication-bypass\"}, {\"url\": \"https://www.darkreading.com/vulnerabilities-threats/disclosure-drama-clouds-crushftp-vulnerability-exploitation\"}, {\"url\": \"https://www.huntress.com/blog/crushftp-cve-2025-31161-auth-bypass-and-post-exploitation\"}, {\"url\": \"https://attackerkb.com/topics/k0EgiL9Psz/cve-2025-2825/rapid7-analysis\"}, {\"url\": \"https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/crushftp-flaw-exploited-disclosure/\"}, {\"url\": \"https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-31161-detect-crushftp-vulnerability\"}, {\"url\": \"https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-31161-mitigate-crushftp-vulnerability\"}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"ADPogram 0.0.1\"}, \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\", \"shortName\": \"CVE\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-04-21T15:11:23.679Z\"}}, {\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2025-31161\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"active\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"yes\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"total\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2025-08-15T19:11:52.009095Z\"}}}, {\"other\": {\"type\": \"kev\", \"content\": {\"dateAdded\": \"2025-04-07\", \"reference\": \"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-31161\"}}}], \"timeline\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"time\": \"2025-04-07T00:00:00+00:00\", \"value\": \"CVE-2025-31161 added to CISA KEV\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-31161\", \"tags\": [\"government-resource\"]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-04-04T15:30:36.296Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"credits\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"finder\", \"value\": \"Kristian Varnai, Outpost24\"}, {\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"finder\", \"value\": \"Marcus White, Outpost24\"}], \"metrics\": [{\"cvssV3_1\": {\"version\": \"3.1\", \"baseScore\": 9.8, \"baseSeverity\": \"CRITICAL\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\"}}], \"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"CrushFTP\", \"product\": \"CrushFTP\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"10\", \"lessThan\": \"10.8.4\", \"versionType\": \"custom\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"11\", \"lessThan\": \"11.3.1\", \"versionType\": \"custom\"}], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://outpost24.com/blog/crushftp-auth-bypass-vulnerability/\"}, {\"url\": \"https://crushftp.com/crush11wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Update#section-Update-VulnerabilityInfo\"}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"enrichogram 0.0.1\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.4 and 11 before 11.3.1 allows authentication bypass and takeover of the crushadmin account (unless a DMZ proxy instance is used), as exploited in the wild in March and April 2025, aka \\\"Unauthenticated HTTP(S) port access.\\\" A race condition exists in the AWS4-HMAC (compatible with S3) authorization method of the HTTP component of the FTP server. The server first verifies the existence of the user by performing a call to login_user_pass() with no password requirement. This will authenticate the session through the HMAC verification process and up until the server checks for user verification once more. The vulnerability can be further stabilized, eliminating the need for successfully triggering a race condition, by sending a mangled AWS4-HMAC header. By providing only the username and a following slash (/), the server will successfully find a username, which triggers the successful anypass authentication process, but the server will fail to find the expected SignedHeaders entry, resulting in an index-out-of-bounds error that stops the code from reaching the session cleanup. Together, these issues make it trivial to authenticate as any known or guessable user (e.g., crushadmin), and can lead to a full compromise of the system by obtaining an administrative account.\"}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-305\", \"description\": \"CWE-305 Authentication Bypass by Primary Weakness\"}]}], \"cpeApplicability\": [{\"nodes\": [{\"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:a:crushftp:crushftp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"10.8.4\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"10\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:a:crushftp:crushftp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"11.3.1\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"11\"}], \"operator\": \"OR\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca\", \"shortName\": \"mitre\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-04-04T21:20:48.434Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-31161\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2025-10-21T22:55:22.326Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-03-27T00:00:00.000Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca\", \"datePublished\": \"2025-04-03T00:00:00.000Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"mitre\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.1"
    }
  }
}


Log in or create an account to share your comment.




Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.




Sightings

Author Source Type Date

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.