{
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "skops is a Python library which helps users share and ship their scikit-learn based models. In versions 0.12.0 and below, the Card.get_model does not contain any logic to prevent arbitrary code execution. The Card.get_model function supports both joblib and skops for model loading. When loading .skops models, it uses skops\u0027 secure loading with trusted type validation, raising errors for untrusted types unless explicitly allowed. However, when non-.zip file formats are provided, the function silently falls back to joblib without warning. Unlike skops, joblib allows arbitrary code execution during loading, bypassing security measures and potentially enabling malicious code execution. This issue is fixed in version 0.13.0."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "skops es una librer\u00eda de Python que ayuda a los usuarios a compartir y enviar sus modelos basados en scikit-learn. En las versiones 0.12.0 y anteriores, Card.get_model no contiene ninguna l\u00f3gica que impida la ejecuci\u00f3n de c\u00f3digo arbitrario. La funci\u00f3n Card.get_model admite tanto joblib como skops para la carga de modelos. Al cargar modelos .skops, utiliza la carga segura de skops con validaci\u00f3n de tipos confiables, lo que genera errores para tipos no confiables a menos que se permita expl\u00edcitamente. Sin embargo, cuando se proporcionan formatos de archivo distintos de .zip, la funci\u00f3n recurre silenciosamente a joblib sin previo aviso. A diferencia de skops, joblib permite la ejecuci\u00f3n de c\u00f3digo arbitrario durante la carga, evadiendo las medidas de seguridad y potencialmente permitiendo la ejecuci\u00f3n de c\u00f3digo malicioso. Este problema se solucion\u00f3 en la versi\u00f3n 0.13.0."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-54886",
  "lastModified": "2025-08-08T20:30:18.180",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 8.4,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 2.5,
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2025-08-08T01:15:25.120",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/skops-dev/skops/commit/29d61ea8a92f2bde6830e8f32cc72a1a87211cda"
    },
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "url": "https://github.com/skops-dev/skops/security/advisories/GHSA-378x-6p4f-8jgm"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
  "vulnStatus": "Awaiting Analysis",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-502"
        }
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "skops"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.13.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-54886"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-08-07T16:42:54Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-08T01:15:25Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nThe `Card` class of `skops`, used for model documentation and sharing, allows arbitrary code execution. When a file other than `.zip` is provided to the `Card` class during instantiation, the internally invoked `Card.get_model` method silently falls back to `joblib` without warning. Unlike the `.skops` zip-based format, `joblib` permits unrestricted code execution, hence bypassing the security measures of `skops` and enabling the execution of malicious code.\n\n\n## Details\n\nThe `Card` class supports loading the model linked to the card using the `get_model` method. When a `.skops` model is provided, it uses the `load` function from `skops`, which includes security mechanisms. The `Card` class also supports consistent management of the `trusted` list, which can be passed during instance creation. As expected, if a `.skops` model is provided without a `trusted` list and an untrusted type is encountered during loading, an error is raised. This behavior is consistent with the security principles of `skops`.\n\nThe problem arises when a file format other than `.zip` is provided. As shown in the code snippet below, in this case, the `joblib` library is used to load the model. This happens **silently**, without any warning or indication that `joblib` is being used. This is a significant security risk because `joblib` does not enforce the same security measures as `skops`, allowing arbitrary code execution.\n\n```python\n# from `card/_model_card.py:354-358`\ntry:\n    if zipfile.is_zipfile(model_path):\n        model = load(model_path, trusted=trusted)\n    else:\n        model = joblib.load(model_path)\n```\n\nTo increase the concern, `get_model` is actually called internally by `skops` during card creation, so the user does not need to call it explicitly\u2014only to create the `Card` object passing a `joblib` file.\n\n## PoC\n\nConsider the following example:\n\n```python\nfrom skops.card import Card\n\ncard = Card(\"model.skops\")\n```\n\nAn attacker could share a `model.skops` file that, despite its name, is **not** a `.zip` file. In this case, the `joblib.load` function is called, allowing arbitrary code execution if the file is actually a pickle-like object. This is difficult for the user to detect, as the check is based on the file\u2019s format, not its extension or name.\n\nThis vulnerability exists regardless of the `trusted` list provided (or omitted) during `Card` instance creation, and is unaffected by any other parameters. Moreover, it occurs at the time of `Card` instantiation.\n\n## Attack Scenario\n\nAn attacker can craft a malicious model file that, when used to instantiate a `Card` object, enables **arbitrary code** on the victim\u2019s machine. This requires no user interaction beyond instantiating the `Card` object (not even explicit loading). Given that `skops` is often used in collaborative environments and is designed with security in mind, this vulnerability poses a significant threat.\n\n## Attachments\nThe complete PoC is available on GitHub at [io-no/CVE-2025-54886](https://github.com/io-no/CVE-Reports/tree/main/CVE-2025-54886).",
  "id": "GHSA-378x-6p4f-8jgm",
  "modified": "2025-09-10T20:52:05Z",
  "published": "2025-08-07T16:42:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/skops-dev/skops/security/advisories/GHSA-378x-6p4f-8jgm"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54886"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/skops-dev/skops/commit/29d61ea8a92f2bde6830e8f32cc72a1a87211cda"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/io-no/CVE-Reports/tree/main/CVE-2025-54886"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/skops-dev/skops"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "SKOPS Card.get_model happily allows arbitrary code execution"
}