Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2025-69873 (GCVE-0-2025-69873)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-11 00:00 – Updated: 2026-02-23 08:44

Summary

ajv (Another JSON Schema Validator) before 8.18.0 is vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) when the $data option is enabled. The pattern keyword accepts runtime data via JSON Pointer syntax ($data reference), which is passed directly to the JavaScript RegExp() constructor without validation. An attacker can inject a malicious regex pattern (e.g., "^(a|a)*$") combined with crafted input to cause catastrophic backtracking. A 31-character payload causes approximately 44 seconds of CPU blocking, with each additional character doubling execution time. This enables complete denial of service with a single HTTP request against any API using ajv with $data: true for dynamic schema validation.

Severity ?

2.9 (Low)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

CWE

CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity

Assigner

mitre

References

URL

Tags

	https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-2g4f-4pwh-qvx6
	https://github.com/EthanKim88/ethan-cve-disclosur…

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	ajv.js	ajv	Affected: 0 , < 6.14.0 (semver) Affected: 7.0.0 , < 8.18.0 (semver)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

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          "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-2g4f-4pwh-qvx6"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/EthanKim88/ethan-cve-disclosures/blob/main/CVE-2025-69873-ajv-ReDoS.md"
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  "cveMetadata": {
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GHSA-2G4F-4PWH-QVX6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-11 21:30 – Updated: 2026-02-23 22:40

Summary

ajv has ReDoS when using `$data` option

Details

ajv (Another JSON Schema Validator) through version 8.17.1 is vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) when the $data option is enabled. The pattern keyword accepts runtime data via JSON Pointer syntax ($data reference), which is passed directly to the JavaScript RegExp() constructor without validation. An attacker can inject a malicious regex pattern (e.g., \"^(a|a)*$\") combined with crafted input to cause catastrophic backtracking. A 31-character payload causes approximately 44 seconds of CPU blocking, with each additional character doubling execution time. This enables complete denial of service with a single HTTP request against any API using ajv with $data: true for dynamic schema validation.

Severity ?

5.5 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "ajv"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "7.0.0-alpha.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.18.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "ajv"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.14.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-69873"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1333",
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-17T16:38:57Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-11T19:15:50Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "ajv (Another JSON Schema Validator) through version 8.17.1 is vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) when the `$data` option is enabled. The pattern keyword accepts runtime data via JSON Pointer syntax (`$data` reference), which is passed directly to the JavaScript `RegExp()` constructor without validation. An attacker can inject a malicious regex pattern (e.g., `\\\"^(a|a)*$\\\"`) combined with crafted input to cause catastrophic backtracking. A 31-character payload causes approximately 44 seconds of CPU blocking, with each additional character doubling execution time. This enables complete denial of service with a single HTTP request against any API using ajv with `$data`: true for dynamic schema validation.",
  "id": "GHSA-2g4f-4pwh-qvx6",
  "modified": "2026-02-23T22:40:29Z",
  "published": "2026-02-11T21:30:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-69873"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ajv-validator/ajv/pull/2586"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ajv-validator/ajv/pull/2588"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ajv-validator/ajv/commit/720a23fa453ffae8340e92c9b0fe886c54cfe0d5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/EthanKim88/ethan-cve-disclosures/blob/main/CVE-2025-69873-ajv-ReDoS.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-2g4f-4pwh-qvx6"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/ajv-validator/ajv"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ajv-validator/ajv/releases/tag/v6.14.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ajv-validator/ajv/releases/tag/v8.18.0"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "ajv has ReDoS when using `$data` option"
}

FKIE_CVE-2025-69873

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-02-11 19:15 - Updated: 2026-02-23 09:16

Severity ?

2.9 (Low) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
7.5 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Summary

References

	URL	Tags
	cve@mitre.org	https://github.com/EthanKim88/ethan-cve-disclosures/blob/main/CVE-2025-69873-ajv-ReDoS.md
	cve@mitre.org	https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-2g4f-4pwh-qvx6

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "ajv (Another JSON Schema Validator) before 8.18.0 is vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) when the $data option is enabled. The pattern keyword accepts runtime data via JSON Pointer syntax ($data reference), which is passed directly to the JavaScript RegExp() constructor without validation. An attacker can inject a malicious regex pattern (e.g., \"^(a|a)*$\") combined with crafted input to cause catastrophic backtracking. A 31-character payload causes approximately 44 seconds of CPU blocking, with each additional character doubling execution time. This enables complete denial of service with a single HTTP request against any API using ajv with $data: true for dynamic schema validation."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "ajv (Another JSON Schema Validator) hasta la versi\u00f3n 8.17.1 es vulnerable a la denegaci\u00f3n de servicio por expresiones regulares (ReDoS) cuando la opci\u00f3n $data est\u00e1 habilitada. La palabra clave \u0027pattern\u0027 acepta datos en tiempo de ejecuci\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s de la sintaxis JSON Pointer (referencia $data), que se pasa directamente al constructor JavaScript RegExp() sin validaci\u00f3n. Un atacante puede inyectar un patr\u00f3n de expresi\u00f3n regular malicioso (por ejemplo, \u0027^(a|a)*$\u0027) combinado con una entrada manipulada para causar un retroceso catastr\u00f3fico. Una carga \u00fatil de 31 caracteres causa aproximadamente 44 segundos de bloqueo de CPU, y cada car\u00e1cter adicional duplica el tiempo de ejecuci\u00f3n. Esto permite una denegaci\u00f3n de servicio completa con una \u00fanica solicitud HTTP contra cualquier API que utilice ajv con $data: true para la validaci\u00f3n din\u00e1mica de esquemas."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2025-69873",
  "lastModified": "2026-02-23T09:16:30.100",
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "availabilityImpact": "LOW",
          "baseScore": 2.9,
          "baseSeverity": "LOW",
          "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.4,
        "impactScore": 1.4,
        "source": "cve@mitre.org",
        "type": "Secondary"
      },
      {
        "cvssData": {
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "baseScore": 7.5,
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
          "version": "3.1"
        },
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.9,
        "impactScore": 3.6,
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "type": "Secondary"
      }
    ]
  },
  "published": "2026-02-11T19:15:50.467",
  "references": [
    {
      "source": "cve@mitre.org",
      "url": "https://github.com/EthanKim88/ethan-cve-disclosures/blob/main/CVE-2025-69873-ajv-ReDoS.md"
    },
    {
      "source": "cve@mitre.org",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-2g4f-4pwh-qvx6"
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "cve@mitre.org",
  "vulnStatus": "Awaiting Analysis",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-1333"
        }
      ],
      "source": "cve@mitre.org",
      "type": "Primary"
    },
    {
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-400"
        }
      ],
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
      "type": "Secondary"
    }
  ]
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

Action not permitted

CVE-2025-69873 (GCVE-0-2025-69873)

GHSA-2G4F-4PWH-QVX6

FKIE_CVE-2025-69873

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature