Vulnerability-Lookup

GHSA-6RW7-VPXM-498P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-30 21:02 – Updated: 2026-02-10 19:59

Summary

qs's arrayLimit bypass in its bracket notation allows DoS via memory exhaustion

Details

Summary

The arrayLimit option in qs did not enforce limits for bracket notation (a[]=1&a[]=2), only for indexed notation (a[0]=1). This is a consistency bug; arrayLimit should apply uniformly across all array notations.

Note: The default parameterLimit of 1000 effectively mitigates the DoS scenario originally described. With default options, bracket notation cannot produce arrays larger than parameterLimit regardless of arrayLimit, because each a[]=value consumes one parameter slot. The severity has been reduced accordingly.

Details

The arrayLimit option only checked limits for indexed notation (a[0]=1&a[1]=2) but did not enforce it for bracket notation (a[]=1&a[]=2).

Vulnerable code (lib/parse.js:159-162):

if (root === '[]' && options.parseArrays) {
    obj = utils.combine([], leaf);  // No arrayLimit check
}

Working code (lib/parse.js:175):

else if (index <= options.arrayLimit) {  // Limit checked here
    obj = [];
    obj[index] = leaf;
}

The bracket notation handler at line 159 uses utils.combine([], leaf) without validating against options.arrayLimit, while indexed notation at line 175 checks index <= options.arrayLimit before creating arrays.

PoC

const qs = require('qs');
const result = qs.parse('a[]=1&a[]=2&a[]=3&a[]=4&a[]=5&a[]=6', { arrayLimit: 5 });
console.log(result.a.length);  // Output: 6 (should be max 5)

Note on parameterLimit interaction: The original advisory's "DoS demonstration" claimed a length of 10,000, but parameterLimit (default: 1000) caps parsing to 1,000 parameters. With default options, the actual output is 1,000, not 10,000.

Impact

Consistency bug in arrayLimit enforcement. With default parameterLimit, the practical DoS risk is negligible since parameterLimit already caps the total number of parsed parameters (and thus array elements from bracket notation). The risk increases only when parameterLimit is explicitly set to a very high value.

Severity ?

7.5 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

8.7 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "qs"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.14.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-15284"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-20"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-12-30T21:02:54Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-29T23:15:42Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nThe `arrayLimit` option in qs did not enforce limits for bracket notation (`a[]=1\u0026a[]=2`), only for indexed notation (`a[0]=1`). This is a consistency bug; `arrayLimit` should apply uniformly across all array notations.\n\n**Note:** The default `parameterLimit` of 1000 effectively mitigates the DoS scenario originally described. With default options, bracket notation cannot produce arrays larger than `parameterLimit` regardless of `arrayLimit`, because each `a[]=value` consumes one parameter slot. The severity has been reduced accordingly.\n\n### Details\n\nThe `arrayLimit` option only checked limits for indexed notation (`a[0]=1\u0026a[1]=2`) but did not enforce it for bracket notation (`a[]=1\u0026a[]=2`).\n\n**Vulnerable code** (`lib/parse.js:159-162`):\n```javascript\nif (root === \u0027[]\u0027 \u0026\u0026 options.parseArrays) {\n    obj = utils.combine([], leaf);  // No arrayLimit check\n}\n```\n\n**Working code** (`lib/parse.js:175`):\n```javascript\nelse if (index \u003c= options.arrayLimit) {  // Limit checked here\n    obj = [];\n    obj[index] = leaf;\n}\n```\n\nThe bracket notation handler at line 159 uses `utils.combine([], leaf)` without validating against `options.arrayLimit`, while indexed notation at line 175 checks `index \u003c= options.arrayLimit` before creating arrays.\n\n### PoC\n\n```javascript\nconst qs = require(\u0027qs\u0027);\nconst result = qs.parse(\u0027a[]=1\u0026a[]=2\u0026a[]=3\u0026a[]=4\u0026a[]=5\u0026a[]=6\u0027, { arrayLimit: 5 });\nconsole.log(result.a.length);  // Output: 6 (should be max 5)\n```\n\n**Note on parameterLimit interaction:** The original advisory\u0027s \"DoS demonstration\" claimed a length of 10,000, but `parameterLimit` (default: 1000) caps parsing to 1,000 parameters. With default options, the actual output is 1,000, not 10,000.\n\n### Impact\n\nConsistency bug in `arrayLimit` enforcement. With default `parameterLimit`, the practical DoS risk is negligible since `parameterLimit` already caps the total number of parsed parameters (and thus array elements from bracket notation). The risk increases only when `parameterLimit` is explicitly set to a very high value.",
  "id": "GHSA-6rw7-vpxm-498p",
  "modified": "2026-02-10T19:59:52Z",
  "published": "2025-12-30T21:02:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ljharb/qs/security/advisories/GHSA-6rw7-vpxm-498p"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-15284"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ljharb/qs/commit/3086902ecf7f088d0d1803887643ac6c03d415b9"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/ljharb/qs"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "qs\u0027s arrayLimit bypass in its bracket notation allows DoS via memory exhaustion"
}

CVE-2025-15284 (GCVE-0-2025-15284)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-29 22:56 – Updated: 2026-02-10 20:06

Title

arrayLimit bypass in bracket notation allows DoS via memory exhaustion

Summary

Improper Input Validation vulnerability in qs (parse modules) allows HTTP DoS.This issue affects qs: < 6.14.1. Summary The arrayLimit option in qs did not enforce limits for bracket notation (a[]=1&a[]=2), only for indexed notation (a[0]=1). This is a consistency bug; arrayLimit should apply uniformly across all array notations. Note: The default parameterLimit of 1000 effectively mitigates the DoS scenario originally described. With default options, bracket notation cannot produce arrays larger than parameterLimit regardless of arrayLimit, because each a[]=valueconsumes one parameter slot. The severity has been reduced accordingly. Details The arrayLimit option only checked limits for indexed notation (a[0]=1&a[1]=2) but did not enforce it for bracket notation (a[]=1&a[]=2). Vulnerable code (lib/parse.js:159-162): if (root === '[]' && options.parseArrays) { obj = utils.combine([], leaf); // No arrayLimit check } Working code (lib/parse.js:175): else if (index <= options.arrayLimit) { // Limit checked here obj = []; obj[index] = leaf; } The bracket notation handler at line 159 uses utils.combine([], leaf) without validating against options.arrayLimit, while indexed notation at line 175 checks index <= options.arrayLimit before creating arrays. PoC const qs = require('qs'); const result = qs.parse('a[]=1&a[]=2&a[]=3&a[]=4&a[]=5&a[]=6', { arrayLimit: 5 }); console.log(result.a.length); // Output: 6 (should be max 5) Note on parameterLimit interaction: The original advisory's "DoS demonstration" claimed a length of 10,000, but parameterLimit (default: 1000) caps parsing to 1,000 parameters. With default options, the actual output is 1,000, not 10,000. Impact Consistency bug in arrayLimit enforcement. With default parameterLimit, the practical DoS risk is negligible since parameterLimit already caps the total number of parsed parameters (and thus array elements from bracket notation). The risk increases only when parameterLimit is explicitly set to a very high value.

Severity ?

6.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:L

3.7 (Low)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

CWE

CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation

Assigner

harborist

References

URL

Tags

	https://github.com/ljharb/qs/security/advisories/…	vendor-advisory
	https://github.com/ljharb/qs/commit/3086902ecf7f0…	patch

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
			Affected: < 6.14.1 (semver)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-15284",
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                    "Exploitation": "none"
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                    "Automatable": "yes"
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                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-12-30T14:55:26.031863Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
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            }
          }
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          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
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        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
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          "collectionURL": "https://npmjs.com/qs",
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "modules": [
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          "packageName": "qs",
          "repo": "https://github.com/ljharb/qs",
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            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 6.14.1",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
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        }
      ],
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              "value": "Improper Input Validation vulnerability in qs (parse modules) allows HTTP DoS.\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects qs: \u0026lt; 6.14.1.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSummary\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ccode\u003earrayLimit\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;option in qs did not enforce limits for bracket notation (\u003ccode\u003ea[]=1\u0026amp;a[]=2\u003c/code\u003e), only for indexed notation (\u003ccode\u003ea[0]=1\u003c/code\u003e). This is a consistency bug; \u003ccode\u003earrayLimit\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;should apply uniformly across all array notations.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote:\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;The default \u003ccode\u003eparameterLimit\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;of 1000 effectively mitigates the DoS scenario originally described. With default options, bracket notation cannot produce arrays larger than \u003ccode\u003eparameterLimit\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;regardless of \u003ccode\u003earrayLimit\u003c/code\u003e, because each \u003ccode\u003ea[]=value\u003c/code\u003econsumes one parameter slot. The severity has been reduced accordingly.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eDetails\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ccode\u003earrayLimit\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;option only checked limits for indexed notation (\u003ccode\u003ea[0]=1\u0026amp;a[1]=2\u003c/code\u003e) but did not enforce it for bracket notation (\u003ccode\u003ea[]=1\u0026amp;a[]=2\u003c/code\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVulnerable code\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;(\u003ccode\u003elib/parse.js:159-162\u003c/code\u003e):\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cpre\u003eif (root === \u0027[]\u0027 \u0026amp;\u0026amp; options.parseArrays) {\n    obj = utils.combine([], leaf);  // No arrayLimit check\n}\u003c/pre\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWorking code\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;(\u003ccode\u003elib/parse.js:175\u003c/code\u003e):\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cpre\u003eelse if (index \u0026lt;= options.arrayLimit) {  // Limit checked here\n    obj = [];\n    obj[index] = leaf;\n}\u003c/pre\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe bracket notation handler at line 159 uses \u003ccode\u003eutils.combine([], leaf)\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;without validating against \u003ccode\u003eoptions.arrayLimit\u003c/code\u003e, while indexed notation at line 175 checks \u003ccode\u003eindex \u0026lt;= options.arrayLimit\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;before creating arrays.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003ePoC\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cpre\u003econst qs = require(\u0027qs\u0027);\nconst result = qs.parse(\u0027a[]=1\u0026amp;a[]=2\u0026amp;a[]=3\u0026amp;a[]=4\u0026amp;a[]=5\u0026amp;a[]=6\u0027, { arrayLimit: 5 });\nconsole.log(result.a.length);  // Output: 6 (should be max 5)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote on parameterLimit interaction:\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;The original advisory\u0027s \"DoS demonstration\" claimed a length of 10,000, but \u003ccode\u003eparameterLimit\u003c/code\u003e\u0026nbsp;(default: 1000) caps parsing to 1,000 parameters. With default options, the actual output is 1,000, not 10,000.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003eImpact\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003eConsistency bug in \u003c/span\u003e\u003ccode\u003earrayLimit\u003c/code\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;enforcement. With default \u003c/span\u003e\u003ccode\u003eparameterLimit\u003c/code\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003e, the practical DoS risk is negligible since \u003c/span\u003e\u003ccode\u003eparameterLimit\u003c/code\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;already caps the total number of parsed parameters (and thus array elements from bracket notation). The risk increases only when \u003c/span\u003e\u003ccode\u003eparameterLimit\u003c/code\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;is explicitly set to a very high value.\u003c/span\u003e"
            }
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          "value": "Improper Input Validation vulnerability in qs (parse modules) allows HTTP DoS.This issue affects qs: \u003c 6.14.1.\n\n\nSummary\n\nThe arrayLimit\u00a0option in qs did not enforce limits for bracket notation (a[]=1\u0026a[]=2), only for indexed notation (a[0]=1). This is a consistency bug; arrayLimit\u00a0should apply uniformly across all array notations.\n\nNote:\u00a0The default parameterLimit\u00a0of 1000 effectively mitigates the DoS scenario originally described. With default options, bracket notation cannot produce arrays larger than parameterLimit\u00a0regardless of arrayLimit, because each a[]=valueconsumes one parameter slot. The severity has been reduced accordingly.\n\nDetails\n\nThe arrayLimit\u00a0option only checked limits for indexed notation (a[0]=1\u0026a[1]=2) but did not enforce it for bracket notation (a[]=1\u0026a[]=2).\n\nVulnerable code\u00a0(lib/parse.js:159-162):\n\nif (root === \u0027[]\u0027 \u0026\u0026 options.parseArrays) {\n    obj = utils.combine([], leaf);  // No arrayLimit check\n}\n\n\n\n\n\nWorking code\u00a0(lib/parse.js:175):\n\nelse if (index \u003c= options.arrayLimit) {  // Limit checked here\n    obj = [];\n    obj[index] = leaf;\n}\n\n\n\n\n\nThe bracket notation handler at line 159 uses utils.combine([], leaf)\u00a0without validating against options.arrayLimit, while indexed notation at line 175 checks index \u003c= options.arrayLimit\u00a0before creating arrays.\n\n\n\nPoC\n\nconst qs = require(\u0027qs\u0027);\nconst result = qs.parse(\u0027a[]=1\u0026a[]=2\u0026a[]=3\u0026a[]=4\u0026a[]=5\u0026a[]=6\u0027, { arrayLimit: 5 });\nconsole.log(result.a.length);  // Output: 6 (should be max 5)\n\n\n\n\n\nNote on parameterLimit interaction:\u00a0The original advisory\u0027s \"DoS demonstration\" claimed a length of 10,000, but parameterLimit\u00a0(default: 1000) caps parsing to 1,000 parameters. With default options, the actual output is 1,000, not 10,000.\n\nImpact\n\nConsistency bug in arrayLimit\u00a0enforcement. With default parameterLimit, the practical DoS risk is negligible since parameterLimit\u00a0already caps the total number of parsed parameters (and thus array elements from bracket notation). The risk increases only when parameterLimit\u00a0is explicitly set to a very high value."
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              "description": "CWE-20 Improper Input Validation",
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    "datePublished": "2025-12-29T22:56:45.240Z",
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cleanstart-2026-sp64433

Vulnerability from cleanstart

Published

2026-02-24 00:44

Modified

2026-02-23 12:58

Summary

Security fixes for GHSA-6rw7-vpxm-498p, GHSA-73rr-hh4g-fpgx, GHSA-8qq5-rm4j-mr97 applied in versions: 4.2.1.1-r1

Details

Multiple security vulnerabilities affect the thingsboard package. These issues are resolved in later releases. See references for individual vulnerability details.

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "CleanStart",
        "name": "thingsboard"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.2.1.1-r1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "credits": [],
  "database_specific": {},
  "details": "Multiple security vulnerabilities affect the thingsboard package. These issues are resolved in later releases. See references for individual vulnerability details.",
  "id": "CLEANSTART-2026-SP64433",
  "modified": "2026-02-23T12:58:32Z",
  "published": "2026-02-24T00:44:51.180009Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/cleanstart-dev/cleanstart-security-advisories/tree/main/advisories/2026/CLEANSTART-2026-SP64433.json"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-6rw7-vpxm-498p"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-73rr-hh4g-fpgx"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-8qq5-rm4j-mr97"
    }
  ],
  "related": [],
  "schema_version": "1.7.3",
  "summary": "Security fixes for GHSA-6rw7-vpxm-498p, GHSA-73rr-hh4g-fpgx, GHSA-8qq5-rm4j-mr97 applied in versions: 4.2.1.1-r1",
  "upstream": [
    "GHSA-6rw7-vpxm-498p",
    "GHSA-73rr-hh4g-fpgx",
    "GHSA-8qq5-rm4j-mr97"
  ]
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

Action not permitted

GHSA-6RW7-VPXM-498P

Summary

Details

PoC

Impact

CVE-2025-15284 (GCVE-0-2025-15284)

cleanstart-2026-sp64433

Vulnerability from cleanstart

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature