hsec-2023-0002

Vulnerability from osv_haskell

Published

2025-11-14 14:45

Modified

2025-11-14 14:45

Summary

Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature

Details

Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature

The Biscuit specification version 1 contains a vulnerable algorithm that allows malicious actors to forge valid Γ-signatures. Such an attack would allow an attacker to create a token with any access level. The version 2 of the specification mandates a different algorithm than gamma signatures and as such is not affected by this vulnerability.

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "human_link": "https://github.com/haskell/security-advisories/tree/main/advisories/published/2023/HSEC-2023-0002.md",
        "osv": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/haskell/security-advisories/refs/heads/generated/osv-export/2023/HSEC-2023-0002.json"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Hackage",
        "name": "biscuit-haskell"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.1.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.2.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "severity": [
        {
          "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "type": "CVSS_V3"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-31053"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "home": "https://github.com/haskell/security-advisories",
    "osvs": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/haskell/security-advisories/refs/heads/generated/osv-export",
    "repository": "https://github.com/haskell/security-advisories"
  },
  "details": "# Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature\n\nThe Biscuit specification version 1 contains a vulnerable algorithm that allows\nmalicious actors to forge valid \u0393-signatures. Such an attack would allow an\nattacker to create a token with any access level. The version 2 of the\nspecification mandates a different algorithm than gamma signatures and as such\nis not affected by this vulnerability.\n",
  "id": "HSEC-2023-0002",
  "modified": "2025-11-14T14:45:34Z",
  "published": "2025-11-14T14:45:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/1484"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/biscuit-auth/biscuit/security/advisories/GHSA-75rw-34q6-72cr"
    }
  ],
  "related": [
    "GHSA-75rw-34q6-72cr"
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.5.0",
  "summary": "Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature"
}

GHSA-75RW-34Q6-72CR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-17 00:38 – Updated: 2023-03-07 00:39

Summary

Signature forgery in Biscuit

Details

Impact

The paper Cryptanalysis of Aggregate Γ-Signature and Practical Countermeasures in Application to Bitcoin defines a way to forge valid Γ-signatures, an algorithm that is used in the Biscuit specification version 1. It would allow an attacker to create a token with any access level.

As Biscuit v1 was still an early version and not broadly deployed, we were able to contact all known users of Biscuit v1 and help them migrate to Biscuit v2. We are not aware of any active exploitation of this vulnerability.

Patches

The version 2 of the specification mandates a different algorithm than gamma signatures and as such is not affected by this vulnerability. The Biscuit implementations in Rust, Haskell, Go, Java and Javascript all have published versions following the v2 specification.

Workarounds

There is no known workaround, any use of Biscuit v1 should be migrated to v2.

References

Cryptanalysis of Aggregate Γ-Signature and Practical Countermeasures in Application to Bitcoin

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in biscuit-auth/biscuit * Ask questions on Matrix

Severity ?

9.8 (Critical)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "crates.io",
        "name": "biscuit-auth"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/biscuit-auth/biscuit-go"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.clever-cloud:biscuit-java"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-31053"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-347"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-06-17T00:38:03Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-06-13T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nThe paper [Cryptanalysis of Aggregate \u0393-Signature and Practical Countermeasures in Application to Bitcoin](https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/1484) defines a way to forge valid \u0393-signatures, an algorithm that is used in the Biscuit specification version 1.\nIt would allow an attacker to create a token with any access level.\n\nAs Biscuit v1 was still an early version and not broadly deployed, we were able to contact all known users of Biscuit v1 and help them migrate to Biscuit v2.\nWe are not aware of any active exploitation of this vulnerability.\n\n### Patches\n\nThe version 2 of the specification mandates a different algorithm than gamma signatures and as such is not affected by this vulnerability. The Biscuit implementations in Rust, Haskell, Go, Java and Javascript all have published versions following the v2 specification.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThere is no known workaround, any use of Biscuit v1 should be migrated to v2.\n\n### References\n[Cryptanalysis of Aggregate \u0393-Signature and Practical Countermeasures in Application to Bitcoin](https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/1484)\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in [biscuit-auth/biscuit](https://github.com/biscuit-auth/biscuit)\n* Ask questions on [Matrix](https://matrix.to/#/#biscuit-auth:matrix.org)\n",
  "id": "GHSA-75rw-34q6-72cr",
  "modified": "2023-03-07T00:39:38Z",
  "published": "2022-06-17T00:38:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/biscuit-auth/biscuit/security/advisories/GHSA-75rw-34q6-72cr"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-31053"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/1484"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-75rw-34q6-72cr"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/biscuit-auth/biscuit"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2022-0564"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Signature forgery in Biscuit"
}

CVE-2022-31053 (GCVE-0-2022-31053)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-06-13 19:35 – Updated: 2025-04-22 17:54

Title

Signature forgery in Biscuit

Summary

Biscuit is an authentication and authorization token for microservices architectures. The Biscuit specification version 1 contains a vulnerable algorithm that allows malicious actors to forge valid Γ-signatures. Such an attack would allow an attacker to create a token with any access level. The version 2 of the specification mandates a different algorithm than gamma signatures and as such is not affected by this vulnerability. The Biscuit implementations in Rust, Haskell, Go, Java and Javascript all have published versions following the v2 specification. There are no known workarounds for this issue.

Severity ?

9.8 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CWE

CWE-347 - Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

URL

Tags

	https://github.com/biscuit-auth/biscuit/security/…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
	https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/1484	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	biscuit-auth	biscuit	Affected: biscuit-auth >= 1.0.0, < 2.0.0 Affected: biscuit-haskell = 0.1.1.0 Affected: com.clever-cloud.biscuit-java < 2.0.0 Affected: github.com/biscuit-auth/biscuit-go < 2.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

Action not permitted

hsec-2023-0002

Vulnerability from osv_haskell

Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature

GHSA-75RW-34Q6-72CR

Impact

Patches

Workarounds

References

For more information

CVE-2022-31053 (GCVE-0-2022-31053)

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature